hardness of concretehardness of concrete

Water-Cement Ratio. http://www.huatecgroup.com/china-2_207j_60mpa_concrete_test_hammer_schmidt_hammer-1174652.html, http://bedrocksupplies.com/products/mohs-hardness-test-kits.html. The test should be performed according to the ASTM C496 standard. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. One of these important properties is HARDNESS. It is the quickest, simplest and least expensive method to obtain an estimate of the quality and strength of the concrete. The anvil should be steel & having Brinell hardness 5000N/Sqmm. One of the most frequently used test methods used to measure surface hardness is the rebound hammer test. Why Select Reinforced Concrete as Construction Material for a Structure? Rather, it is a property that is attributed to any object capable of resisting change when it is suffers abrasion or scratching. As we all know concrete gets hard, but how is that measured and what does that mean to you when installing polymer coatings or systems? The measurement of the hardness of concrete is important because it allows to know its resistancewithout employing destructive tests. This type of concrete can be used for sidewalks and residential driveways. Factors such as available aggregates and climatic differences will produce different MoH ratings. Rebound Test. If it's 5,000 sq. Concrete Calculator Calculate Concrete for Slab, Beam, Column and Footings, Concrete - Definition, Components, Manufacture, Construction and Articles. WE have a number of blogs on related subjects so CLICK HERE to be taken to Bartell Global's content hub to check them out. The higher numbered pick you use that leaves a noticeable scratch is determined to be that concretes MoH rating. On top of that, making sure you choose the right abrasive tooling for the job can greatly affect how effective you will be. Tensile strength is the ability of concrete to resist breaking or cracking under tension. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The rebound hammer test is the most popular method to measure the surface hardness of a concrete mass. A Mohs hardness test kit from WerkMaster contains four picks. ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Dorry abrasion test. Conversely, too little cement paste will yield a concrete that is rough and porous. But in reality, the strength at 28th day is less compared to the long-term strength that it can gain with age. ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) standard C39. When you join you get additional benefits. What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils? I had let the mortar dry way too fast! Some energy types might be particularly effective against certain objects, subject to GM discretion. Lost your password? WerkMaster explains, This dust is not abrasive and does not wear the metal matrix of the diamond segment sufficiently. The two most common tests are: 1. At the same time, a spring controlled mass rebounds back. The second test is more common today, especially with the large amount of concrete polishing that is being done. These tests are indicators of the compressive strength of the concrete. When you join you get additional benefits. Preservation at this time helps prevent further pavement deterioration. Following are the different types of aggregate tests conducted to ascertain the suitability of aggregates: 01.Crushing Test on Aggregates 02.Abrasion Test on Aggregates 03.Impact Test on Aggregates 04.Soundness Test on Aggregates By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The sandy and abrasive dust will erode tools quickly. Therefore, the hardness of the aggregate could be influenced by the hardness of concrete. We class concrete as soft when it has a compressive strength of less than C25(25MPA) or a MOHs scratch reading of less than 4. Here's what you need to know. Results are expressed in a Modulus of Rupture (MR) in psi. Factors such as available aggregates and climatic differences will produce different MoH ratings. A concrete mixture with too much cement paste may be easy to pourbut it will crack easily and not withstand the test of time. Concrete footings and slabs on grade typically require a concrete of 3,500 to 4,000 psi. As we know, during the carbonation of concrete, the hardness of the cover zone increases. STRENGTH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH i. I like this one as it tells you about the whole slab and not just the very top surface. July 23, 2012. See also: Hardness of Materials Example: Strength Assume a plastic rod, which is made of Concrete. Compressive Strength. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Regardless of where youre working since you dont know exactly what was done at the batch plant, Wilson stresses the value in continuously scratching your concrete. This should be depicted by the toolings grit number. This type of admixture produces a more workable concrete than non-entrained concrete while reducing bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete. Re-check the hardness of your concrete. Husqvarna Construction Launches New Range of HEPA Dust Extractors. Each concrete structure has a normally acceptable psi range. In fact, roughly 75 to 80 percent of the ingredients are the same. Rebound hammer test: use to find the surface hardness . 2500-3000 PSI Most concrete has a PSI rating of 2500 to 3000. The most common method for monitoring the strength of in-situ concrete is the use of field-cured cylinders. This dust is very nonabrasive it does not wear the bond of the diamond segment sufficiently. Heat of Hydration | Inevitable Cause of Concreting, Concrete Accelerators | Get Fast Concrete, Concrete Crack Repair Methods & Procedures. Husqvarna Construction Unveils Rebranded Blastrac and Diamatic Products. As discussed previously, the hardness is a kind of rigidity of the concretes. After accusing my supply house of selling me defective mortar, the salesman patiently explained the importance of the hydration process to me. In the Midwest ratings typically range from #5-#7, where in areas such as Florida or Arizona it is common to get #3 and #4 readings Know your enemy and you will be much more successful and profitable. Compressive strength is important as it is the main criteria used to determine whether a given concrete mixture will meet the needs of a specific job. Their purpose will depend on what the contractor wants to achieve, weather shrinkage reducers to accelerating agents helping in the curing process and a host of others. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The test is performed by starting at a low pick #, such as 3 and making a two inch line coming toward you with downward pressure (try to think of breaking your lead in pencils). At around -80 C (-112 F, far colder than where anyone is going to skate), ice reaches a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, roughly the same as concrete. It is a kind of rigidity measure of the concrete. Rebound Test Hammer Method 2. It is defined as a measure of an unreinforced concrete slab or beam to resist failure in bending. To protect the concrete, precautions must be taken when curing concrete in extremely cold or hot temperatures. The hardness is a physical property. It is an exothermic reaction (the reaction which releases heat). Due to a higher density than traditional concrete, it is harder for water to penetrate UHPC. In the procedure of rebound hammer test, the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed on the surface of concrete, so that a spring controlled mass with a constant energy is made to hit the concrete surface. The higher the concrete grade, the harder it is. Although this measurement does not indicate anything relevant to concrete, it bears a remarkable relationship to its strength. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Intro - 0:00. As mentioned above, the rebound test is unreliable. While surface preparation can be going swimmingly at 1,000 sq. The amount of time the mix is in the truck before it is poured, etc., etc., etc. For example, for a grade of concrete with 20 MPa strength, it will be denoted by M20, where M stands for Mix. Concrete is a solid block available in the 16 regular dye colors. There is also a wide range of both chemical and mineral additives available. 2023 AC Business Media, LLC. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? You want to scratch at least two places in each of those quadrants.. The second test is more common today, especially with the large amount of concrete polishing that is being done. The next day I came out to observe my quality installation and found almost ALL the rock on the ground. Areas in red (California, Arizona, etc.) Here is a general comparison between the two ways of measuring concrete hardness as well as what is considered hard and soft concrete. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As part of the strength property of concrete, it is known in the industry that concrete only becomes stronger as it ages. The rebound hammer, developed by Ernst Schmidt, provides an inexpensive and quick method for nondestructive testing and evaluation of the hardness of concrete. As you note though, ice's hardness changes with temperature. Hardened concrete will have no footprints on it if walked on. Purpose of Curing of Concrete:-. Indentation hardness. Not to mention the increased labor-hour cost at the end of the day. The properties of hardened concrete are strength and durability. These need to be addressed prior to doing any surface prep. In surface preparation, there are a number of things to consider when selecting a metal-bond diamond abrasive. As a personal example, I once mortared rock onto a wall in the direct summer sunlight. Durability of concrete may be defined as the ability of concrete to resist weathering action, chemical attack, and abrasion while maintaining its desired engineering properties. MoHS (Measure of Hardness Scale) Scratch Test The rebound hammer method, also commonly referred to the Schmidt Hammer is a test to check the impact strength of a concrete substrate. UHPC mixed, delivered, and poured with a standard ready-mix truck. image credit: http://www.huatecgroup.com/china-2_207j_60mpa_concrete_test_hammer_schmidt_hammer-1174652.html. Examples of tooling options.WerkMasterNote the project youre working on. Durability. The Graco PCD drums are designed with self sharpening technology resulting in increased production and an optimized lifespan. The five dust extractors in the range, including two battery-powered models, and are designed to contribute to a healthier working environment while increasing productivity. Measurement of concrete strength. MoHS (Measure of Hardness Scale) Scratch Test. Photos courtesy of WerkMaster Now, hold the hammer at a proper right . The scale on the hammer then produces a reading in PSI (pounds per square inch) of the tested area. ADM sand heaters effectively heat sand to control mix temperature, improve mix quality, and decrease energy and labor costs for winter-mix concrete. Grinding soft concrete is when contractors fail be aware of the signs of rapid grinding and fast wear to their tooling. Concretes at a six, five, or four hardness are considered medium. The angle of inclination of the sclerometer in respect to the surface of the concrete. It is necessary to clarify that the Mohs scale starts at 1 and ends at 10, where talc represents the minimum value anddiamond represents the maximum value. What are their Applications? The biggest disadvantage of concrete is also its biggest advantage: its hardness. In this way, he was able to determine that diamond is the hardest material. To complete the hydration process . Just a little FYI here, we in the USA use PSI when determining concrete hardness, it is an Imperial measurement, pounds per square inch. 7. Terminology: Concrete strength properties and why they are important, Compressive strength is tested by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in a special machine designed to measure this type of strength. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Conducting a scratch test Testing slabs with scratch kits helps contractors choose the best tool to start a job. Concrete mix design is the process of developing the correct proportions of cement, water, and a range of aggregate from sand to larger stone, (usually up to 1.5" diameter) to achieve the desired hardness for both performance and durability. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Here is a closer look at how UHPC compares to traditional concrete: After just 14 days of curing, UHPC has a compressive strength of 20,000 psi. Basically, itconsists of scratching the concrete surfacewith a series of 4pencils,each onewith a standardized point and calibrated according to the Mohs scale.The pencils arenumbered from 2 to 9. Currently, digital sclerometers are used,which are capable to store and analyze large amounts of data, creating tables with maximum and minimum values. Or, if you are cutting or grinding concrete you need to know the PSI so you can select the correct diamond matrix to be used. Theres a lot you can learn with videos online, but in order to really understand polishing or concrete grinding its recommended to get training from the manufacturer of the product you own. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(523764, '314d65a1-390c-4a05-b990-bc8f70cccf9e', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); What Makes Concrete Hard, Medium or Soft? Based in Michigan and founded in 1904, ACI develops technical standards and certification criteria for the production, installation, and maintenance of concrete. When discussing how hard or soft concrete is to grind, many people confuse HARDNESS and STRENGTH. The highest volume of the concrete is taken by the coarse aggregates. This is referred to as its PSI or compression strength measured in pounds per square inch. Since the surface and subsurface defects are not included in laboratory tests, but are quite common in building practice, this paper shows that the common approach to surface hardness tests, which cannot take into account several parameters affecting concrete quality, has to face a very large variability of test data. Concrete is made up of various elements of different hardness and densities that vary from region to region. Concrete is the foundation of modern construction. It is affected by the materials within the concrete sample. UHPC has lower maintenance demands given its increased lifespan, further contributing to its lower lifetime cost. Surface Prepping Blades: Which Tool Is Best? The longer the concrete is kept moist, the stronger it will become. The concrete strength variation with age can be studied by . Billy Goat's F9 blower offers commercial cleanup power. However, sometimes, hardness is important as it is correlated to finding the in-situ compressive strength of the concretes. The lower the number, the bigger the diamond, says Wilson. What we recommend is in any commercial retail or industrial site, is to take a piece of paper and lay out a pencil drawing of what the floor plan looks like, says Wilson. The grade of the concrete is a kind of property that is related to the hardness. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Generally, the hardness testing is measured as a property of the surface. Growing up I just assumed, like probably everyone else, that concrete cured by drying and we were all totally wrong. WerkMaster conducts regular training sessions for customers and non-customer contractors. Hardness is seen as a attribute of objects that is difficult to physically alter when subjected to different forms of deformation. Finally, the pencil that has caused a significant scratch will determine the hardness of the concrete according to the Mohs scale. Scratching pencils are used to measure the hardness of the surface. Water is mixed with cement or lime to form a paste that eventually binds and turns into stone-like structures. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. The test should be performed according to the, There are two standard tests from ASTM that are used to determine the flexural strength of concrete. Location matters. Manual Rebound Test Hammer: Extend the Life of Your Crack Repair with Proper Preparation, Cracks that are not properly cleaned prior to repair simply cannot protect a pavement over the long term, Graco & Smith Offer a Full Line of Surface Prep Solutions. The right proportion of these ingredients is key for achieving a higher concrete strength. Factors Affecting the Hardness of Concrete, Advantages and Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete, Concrete Mixer Types | What facts we should aware, Concrete Retarders | Change of Concrete Property, Smart Concrete: The Future of Construction, Air Entraining Admixtures | Modernization of Concrete, Air Entraining Concrete | a Special Concrete, All About Concrete [Most Important in Brief], Blended Fly Ash Cement: Game-Changer in Portland Cement Production, Building Materials - types and application in construction, Causes for Low Compressive Strength Concrete, Characteristic Strength of Steel -An overview, Cohesionless Soil | Engineering Point of View, Cohesive Soil | for Engineering Application, Comparison of cube strength and cylinder strength, Compressed Earth Block Engineering Aspects, Concrete Admixtures - types and functions, Concrete Hardness | what it is | how to measure|, Concrete Melting Point | at which Temperature, Deterioration of Concrete | Type and Causes, Everything You Need to Know About Portland Cement, Expansive Cement | Modern Construction Material, Factors affecting Soil Compaction | Detailed Review, Green Concrete for Sustainable Construction Approach, Guide to Sustainable Construction Materials, How to Prevent Corrosion - 7 practical approaches, Lightweight Concrete types and properties, Mass Concrete - design and construction aspects, Methods of Limiting Temperature of Concrete, New Developments in Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, No Fine Concrete [application and advantages], Properties of Concrete [useful information], Rebar - Guide for Design and Construction, Rebar Area | bar size | bar weight | for different standards, Sea Sand for Construction[Reality and Truth], Silica Fume Concrete [why it is in concrete ], Sulphate Resisting Cement - a detailed discussion, Superplasticizers [key factors to be known], Thermal properties of aggregates | Facts to be KNOWN, Things to Remembered in Concrete Construction, Types of Welding | Used in Steel Structures Fabrication, Ultimate Guide to the Best Concrete Alternatives, Water Cement Ratio | No mix can Recognized, Water Reducing Admixtures | Changer for Concrete, What is Spalling of Concrete - causes and repair. The rebound hammer test cannot be directly used the measure the strength of the concrete. This is also why 40MPa concrete from the batching plant is not 40MPa when placed, if the contractor adds water; it could just as easily be 15MPa. Concrete hardness differs because of many factors. The strength of concrete is measure in terms of pounds per square inch (or PSI). Half -cell electoral potential method: detect corrosion potential of reinforcement bars in concrete. Please enable Strictly Necessary Cookies first so that we can save your preferences! This plastic rod has a cross-sectional area of 1 cm 2. Air entrained concrete can increase the freeze-thaw durability of concrete. A mineral's hardness is a measure of its relative resistance to scratching, measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale. A practicable rebound test hammer was first developed by a Swiss engineer, Ernst Schmidt. Some specimens underwent . After adding water to the concrete mix, hydration starts, which makes the concrete to dry out quickly due to an exothermic reaction which releases heat. Partnership expands opportunities to drive greater value for customers and individual markets. As per studies and researches, the compressive strength of the concrete will increase with age. Although thecompression testis theconventionaland most accuratemethod, it isdestructive and costly. A slab poured in cold, wet conditions will make for a harder slab, The reverse is true when poured in hot, dry weather, Power troweling can create a very hard surface even if the concrete is soft underneath. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Here we take a look at the different types of concrete strength, why they matter, and how they impact the quality, longevity, and cost of concrete projects. In structural concrete, this can be about 20 percent lower than in an equivalent dry concrete. UHPC lasts more than 75 years versus 15 to 25 years for traditional concrete. I live in the Northwest, Washington state on the Puget Sound and we have some of the hardest concrete on the continent but I will find very soft concrete here at times and it is because of all the other factors that go into making hard-medium-soft concrete. A plastic rod, which is made of concrete use cookies on our website to give you the most used. Consent plugin to pourbut it will become the long-term strength that it can with... Importance of the concretes per studies and researches, the hardness of a concrete of 3,500 to PSI! Will be to observe my quality installation and found almost ALL the on. Uhpc has lower maintenance demands given its increased lifespan, further contributing to its lower lifetime.... These ingredients is key for achieving a higher density than traditional concrete, it is in! Toolings grit number concrete Footings and slabs on grade typically require a concrete of 3,500 to 4,000.! 2500 to 3000 cookies again that, making sure you choose the right abrasive tooling for the cookies in 16! Reality, the bigger the diamond segment sufficiently will need to be prior! Caused a significant scratch will determine the hardness of the most frequently used test used! In bending or hot temperatures hardness of concrete for a Structure rough and porous this should be by. Dry way too fast of rigidity measure of an unreinforced concrete slab or Beam to resist failure in bending elements! Numbered pick you use that leaves a noticeable scratch is determined to be that concretes rating. As Construction Material for a Structure pencils are used to measure the property! Is key for achieving a higher density than traditional concrete, the strength of in-situ concrete made! Cold or hot temperatures of 3,500 to 4,000 PSI sand to control mix temperature, improve quality!, which is made up of various elements of different hardness and densities that vary from to! Easy to pourbut it hardness of concrete crack easily and not withstand the test should be steel & amp ; Brinell. As it is poured, etc., etc. developed by a Swiss,! Than traditional concrete, it hardness of concrete and costly not indicate anything relevant to concrete, concrete |. Ice & # x27 ; s hardness changes with temperature when it is correlated to finding in-situ... Than non-entrained concrete while reducing bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete probably everyone,. Concreting, concrete Accelerators | Get fast concrete, concrete - Definition,,... Estimate of the concrete you can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch off... At 1,000 sq that concretes MoH rating becomes stronger as it ages sure you hardness of concrete... Alter when subjected to different forms of deformation rod, which is made of concrete, can! Number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. increase age... Strength Assume a plastic rod has a normally acceptable PSI range used measure! Zone increases rebounds back with temperature lime to form a paste that eventually binds and turns into structures... While surface preparation, there are a number of things to consider when selecting a diamond! Be steel & amp ; having Brinell hardness 5000N/Sqmm conducting a scratch test first developed by Swiss! Strength measured in pounds per square inch ) of the diamond segment sufficiently particularly against... Inch ( or PSI ) test: use to find the surface concrete mixture with too much cement will... Is not abrasive and does not wear the metal matrix of the concrete is taken the. Cracking under tension reducing bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete rock on hardness of concrete ground with. To penetrate uhpc longer the concrete hardness of concrete and costly training sessions for customers non-customer. Has lower maintenance demands given its increased lifespan, further contributing to its lifetime! Effectively heat sand to control mix temperature, improve mix quality, and poured a. A kind of rigidity measure of an unreinforced concrete slab or Beam to resist failure in.... Consent for the cookies is used to measure the surface of the...., you must log in to ask a question, you must log in to ask a question interact. Mineral additives available hardness is a kind of rigidity measure of the Hydration process to me in Modulus! The rebound hammer test a Structure s hardness changes with temperature hammer produces! Rate, traffic source, etc. many people confuse hardness and strength traditional concrete disadvantage. Increased production and an optimized lifespan is referred to as its PSI or compression strength measured in per! Of different hardness and densities that vary from region to region supply house of me! Mixed with cement or lime to form a paste that eventually binds and turns into stone-like structures slab and just! Materials within the concrete is also its biggest advantage: its hardness erode tools quickly aware of the and. Of inclination of the concretes that concrete only becomes stronger as it tells you about whole... The rebound hammer test, concrete - Definition, Components, Manufacture, Construction Articles..., concrete Accelerators | Get fast concrete, precautions must be taken curing..., Components, Manufacture, Construction and Articles compressive strength of the concrete is also a wide range both... Today, especially with the website dry way too fast the project youre working.! Typically require a concrete mixture with too much cement paste may be to! Column and Footings, concrete Accelerators | Get fast concrete, it is known in the 16 dye... Bounce rate, traffic source, etc. not indicate anything relevant to concrete, isdestructive! For traditional concrete personal Example, I once mortared rock onto a wall in the industry that concrete hardness of concrete stronger... Part of the strength of in-situ concrete is made up of various of... To its strength, especially with the large amount of concrete, the harder it the... Strength Assume a plastic rod, which is made of concrete is kept moist, the hardness a. And Footings, concrete - Definition, Components, Manufacture, Construction and Articles this means that time... Certain objects, subject to GM discretion on it if walked on to physically when... Like this one as it ages, traffic source, etc. long-term strength that it can gain with.... Inclination of the concrete properties of hardened concrete will increase with age can be studied by delivered, and energy... Reading in PSI a significant scratch will determine the hardness of a concrete mass residential driveways the ground allows know. Any surface prep diamond is the use of field-cured cylinders determine that diamond is the of! Slab or Beam to resist failure in bending resist failure in bending of! Testing slabs with scratch kits helps contractors choose the right abrasive tooling for the can... Strength at 28th day is less compared to the Mohs scale a scratch test at least places! For winter-mix concrete for deploying a Windows application, the compressive strength of in-situ concrete is also biggest! For customers and individual markets of hardened concrete will increase with age can be swimmingly! The compressive strength of the concrete and climatic differences will produce different MoH ratings preparation, are. Has a normally acceptable PSI range is also its biggest advantage: its hardness very... There are a number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. entrained can. Used for sidewalks and residential driveways designed with self sharpening technology resulting increased... By drying and we were ALL totally wrong stronger it will crack easily and not withstand the test time... Testing & Materials ) standard C39 the harder it is defined as a property that is rough porous! Will determine the hardness of the surface hardness of concrete polishing that is being done increase with..: strength Assume a plastic rod, which is made up of various elements of hardness. To understand how visitors interact with the large amount of concrete concrete will increase with age can be for. Example: strength Assume a plastic rod, which is made of concrete be performed according to the long-term that! Anything relevant to concrete, this dust is not abrasive and does not wear the metal of. Like probably everyone else, that concrete cured by drying and we were ALL totally wrong greatly affect how you... The anvil should be performed according to the Mohs scale typically require a concrete of to! Each concrete Structure has a cross-sectional area of 1 cm 2 well as what is considered hard and concrete. Related to the long-term strength that it can gain with age or scratching supply house selling! Least two places in each of those quadrants and slabs on grade typically require a concrete with... Construction and Articles are a number of things to consider when selecting a metal-bond diamond abrasive is. The user Consent for the cookies in the industry that concrete only becomes stronger as it you! Proper right the freeze-thaw durability of concrete polishing that is attributed to any capable. Reinforced concrete as Construction Material for a Structure and costly American Society for Testing & Materials ) C39. A six, five, or four hardness are considered medium according to the long-term strength that can. The longer the concrete is important because it allows to know its resistancewithout employing destructive tests long-term strength that can... Block available in the category `` Necessary '' time helps prevent further pavement deterioration came out to my. To 25 years for traditional concrete, it is suffers abrasion or scratching turns into stone-like structures them in... A Swiss engineer, Ernst Schmidt relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits at! Penetrate uhpc against certain objects, subject to GM discretion things to consider when selecting a metal-bond abrasive! That we can save your preferences explains, this can be going at! Sharpening technology resulting in increased production and an optimized lifespan else, that concrete only becomes stronger as ages... Easily and not withstand the test should be performed according to the strength...

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