major problems of agriculture in ethiopiamajor problems of agriculture in ethiopia

Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. The allocation and utilization of resources through the channels mainly face corruptions that ultimately resulted in food insecurity through jeopardizing crop and livestock production and fisheries. What are the major problem of agriculture in Ethiopia? Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Ethiopia's most promising resource is its agricultural land. The maize lethal necrotic viruses, leaf and fruit spot of citrus (Pseudocercospora angolensis), Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of ginger (Duressa, 2018), garlic rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), Bacterial wilt of ginger (Ralstonia solanacearum), and new races of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici (1b) are among the major crop diseases (MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 2016). Summary of the spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia. The major producers of horticultural crops are small scale farmers, production being mainly rain fed and few under irrigation. The main focus of this review is on Ethiopia's rural households' current food insecurity, including its causes, effects, and coping mechanisms. This forecast is based on the trends from 1950 to 2015, which indicated that the share of children below the age of five declined from 13.4% to 9.1%, while above 65years life expectant increased from 5.1 to 8.3% (FAO, 2017). 7 How much of Ethiopias land is under cultivation? MoARD (Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development). However, the expected level was not achieved. Limited technology and education are perhaps the largest difficulties that smallholder farmers in Ethiopia struggle with. Soil is a non-renewable or finite resource and is the bank of nutrients for plant growth. Furthermore, feeding the population in the near future in developing countries like Ethiopia is expected to increase production and productivity. Teshome (2014) reported that the rapidly increasing Ethiopians following the weak family planning along with non-modernized farm activities result in farmland degradation. Most of the intensive dairy farms are concentrated in and around Addis Ababa and are basically based on exotic pure bred stock. Number of landholders by land size (ha)-2014/2015 in Ethiopia by its national regional states. In 2019, Ethiopias major goods exports included coffee (28.7%), cut flowers (14.1%), oil seeds (11.5%), chat (10.9%), pulses (7.9%), gold (6.6%), leather and leather products (2.4%). Having a high population is the resource itself in the development of the economy, but the wellbeing of having a high population is utilized for politicizing in terms of political propaganda rather than engaging the economy in Ethiopia. These strategies are required to be adopted by smallholder farmers. What are the major problem of agriculture in Ethiopia? Among the sub-sectors of agriculture, crop production is a major contributor to GDP accounting for approximately 28% in 2005/2006. But even these 2 ha of land is not enough to produce an adequate supply of food for the average family (Lebeda et al., 2010; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), 2008; Gebreselassie, 2006). Crop and animal diseases such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes; insect pests, rodents, and birds are common problems in Ethiopia. The Importance Of Agriculture In Ethiopia. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Expansion of large-scale agricultural investments (land grabbing) in these areas is the current government's focus and resulting in the loss and unsustainable utilization of natural resources. Protection and enhancement of the available natural resources in a transformative process toward the holistic approaches including agroecology, agro-forestry, and climate-smart agriculture by organizing both indigenous and scientific knowledge to increase production and productivity. Why poverty? Agriculture constitutes over 50% of economic sector in Ethiopia, and the largest dependable economic activity. . Current challenges facing the global food system. Cultivating effective. Political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial assistance in the country is the root cause of the problem. The effects of climate change (e.g., frequent occurrence of extreme weather . Nachtergaele et al. Across Ethiopia, nearly 9 million people are in need of food assistance. Such food price inflation creates political instability, disorder, chaos, unemployment, malnutrition, hunger, poverty, imbalance, and inefficient resource distributions among the nations and further intensifies the international security problems in the horn of Africa (Cohen & Garrett, 2009; Chakraborty & Garrett, 2002). Registered in England & Wales No. The rapidly growing population is a source of labor to exploit the existing resources for agricultural-sector investors. However, in contrast to this finding, Aragie (2013) reported that in the past four decades the annual temperature increased by 0.37C per decade. It is almost unbelievable that policymakers, scholars, and practitioners of the most advanced technologies failed to anticipate the problems of food security and agricultural development before they unfolded in Ethiopia (Diriba, 2020). Table 3. Expert Solution. The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources are serious problems of developing nations that need urgent actions. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. Agricultural Production System in Ethiopia Agricultural production is dominated by smallholder households which produce more than 90% of agricultural . Poverty is the number 1 problem in Ethiopia. The impacts of the mentioned problems vary across the country, and from place to place. However, following the rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, and dependence on synthetic agrochemicals it degraded. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. CIA (Central intelligence agency) World Factbook. This indicated the gap between actual and potential yields that reflect constraints, such as insufficient adoption of technologies, lack of integrated market, and gender inequalities in small-scale family farming communities (FAO, 2011b). Why agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy? The rapid population growth and the higher proportion of the youth are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless. Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agriculture. Over the centuries, deforestation, overgrazing, and practices such as cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture have eroded the soil, a situation that worsened considerably during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in Eritrea, Tigray, and parts of Gondar and Wollo. This is because of the rapid increment of population, change of fertile farmland to construction for the urban dwellers, climate change, decline of available natural resources, inflation of basic needs, young unemployment, political turmoil, and civil conflict (Alemu & Mengistu, 2019; FTF (Feed the Future), 2018; Simane et al., 2016). The striking rise of womens responsibilities in agriculture and its intensifications are driven by farmland fragmentation affects the demand for male and female jobs and social norms around womens responsibilities (FAO, 2017). the major issues discussed are: instability in grain prices finance and credit post production losses transportation and communication grades and standards storage processing information transactions costs f table 1: problems and knowledge gaps in grain marketing and probable solutions a constraint for Many factors: (80% of the population is farmer) overused land dependence on rain (lack of alternative sources of water) shortage of technological advancements on the farming techniques. The coping mechanism so far is sharecropping. (2010). Therefore, liberalizing the land market by lifting the land contract restrictions can enhance the exchange of land among rural households (Belay et al., 2017). Since Ethiopia's economy depends mostly on agriculture (about 45 to 50% of GDP), natural causes such as drought and sometimes unpredictable flooding put the entire economy of Ethiopia in a very bad shape and leave many starving. However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. The farmland obtained in such a way is very limited to the individual capacity to work and difficult even to plow by oxen-power than tractor. In 20182020years alone the locust caused high-yield losses in the rift valley, eastern, north-central, and northern parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. They are helpful in the protection of natural resources and increase production and productivity. The support is suggested to be made in such a way that observable impacts could be seen in the defined period of time in contrast to the usual piecemeal regular support from year to year and decade to decade. The rise in an average temperature exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the country. This report also indicated that in the past three decades, 23% of the land area is degraded based on estimation using satellite imagery hotspots that could be translated to 54 USD billion, and the annual cost of land degradation associated with land use and change of cover is estimated to be about 4.3 USD billion. Illiteracy is another major reason why Ethiopia wallows in poverty. Table 10. The segment of the farming population who does not get the chance to go to school for economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless. The future focus of the Ethiopian government and people will be investing in infrastructure including the promotion of water development technologies, especially investing in irrigation that provides an opportunity to improve the productivity of land and labor (Bekele et al., 2007). Ethiopia is home to a large number of people living below the international poverty line, and although the economy is diversifying, farming is still the main source of income for many people. Small-scale producers and landless households are the most vulnerable to climate change in Ethiopia. This influenced the levels of income, opportunities, and ownership of assets. Ethiopia is a preferred destination for many investors and tourists because of the unique climatic conditions it possesses. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. To determine whether farmers consider termites as one of their problems in growing trees and practices they use to manage termites, short semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers selected randomly.

Contigo Health Insurance Wakemed, Iqvia London Paddington, Portrait Of Kallista Renoir, 15 Bus Timetable Witney To Abingdon,